The defense, EV, and semiconductor stacks depend on the same set of strategic inputs. China refines 60-90% of several critical minerals and rare earths. The companies below map the US-listed mining, refining, processing, recycling, and end-market exposure tied to the western supply response.
Refiners at the apex. Federal programs at the foundation. Public companies mapped by their role in mineral security.
Rare earth oxide, magnet, uranium, and related refining names that sit closest to the strategic bottleneck. This layer maps public companies whose assets, processing plans, or refining capabilities connect raw material supply to defense, battery, and semiconductor demand.
Developers and explorers tied to cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, lithium, and other inputs that feed battery and industrial supply chains. Reserve quality, permitting, capital intensity, and offtake agreements matter more than thematic labeling in this layer.
Extraction, processing, and recycling models that sit between reserves and usable inputs. TMC appears again because polymetallic nodules bridge the mining and processing question. This layer is about usable output, not just resource ownership.
Automakers and defense primes that turn mineral constraints into production constraints. Battery platforms, electric drivetrains, precision weapons, radar, and aerospace systems all depend on inputs from higher layers of the map.
DPA Title III, IRA, IIJA, and related programs form the policy floor beneath domestic capacity. This layer does not add a separate investable cohort; it cross-references public recipients and end-users, plus the defense supply-chain map in Defense Modernization.
China rare earth export controls, Section 232 investigations, and DoD DPA Title III awards have moved the category from commodity desk to policy desk. The mapped cohort is small, but it links directly into defense, EV, semiconductor, and reshoring exposure.
Constituent lists are reviewed quarterly against revenue mix, segment disclosures, asset location, permitting status, public funding records, and stated production plans. Quotes are sourced from licensed market data; the Veridion Score is computed from six published factors. Inclusion is not a recommendation.