Theme · 01 · Supply chain

The AI Stack.

The capital expenditure cycle behind generative AI runs through a six-layer industrial supply chain. Each layer below lists the public companies operating in it, with live quotes and the Veridion Score. This is identification — not investment advice.

6 layers
30 companies
US-listed only
Updated live
The map

Six layers, one stack.

Each layer enables the layer above. Compute at the apex. Power at the foundation. Every public company actually doing the work.

LAYER 06 · FOUNDATION Energy & The Grid CEG · VST · NEE · GEV · EQT · EOSE LAYER 05 Neoclouds & Physical Infrastructure CRWV · NBIS · IREN · APLD LAYER 04 Networking & Connectivity ANET · CSCO · MRVL · CRDO · CIEN · NOK LAYER 03 Memory & Storage MU · WDC · STX · SNDK · NTAP · PSTG LAYER 02 Server OEMs & Cooling SMCI · DELL · HPE · VRT · ETN · MOD APEX Compute Silicon LAYER 01 · APEX NVDA · AMD · AVGO · INTC ↑ ENABLES ↑ 30 COMPANIES · US-LISTED
Layer 01

Compute Silicon

GPUs, custom accelerators, and the silicon performing the matrix multiplication at the core of every training and inference workload. Designers, not foundries.

Layer 02

Server OEMs & Cooling

Integrators that take silicon and assemble it into rack-scale systems, plus the thermal management and power distribution layer enabling 100+ kW per rack.

Layer 03

Memory & Storage

High-bandwidth memory (HBM), NAND flash, enterprise SSDs, and storage arrays. Memory bandwidth is the documented bottleneck for large-model training and inference at scale.

Layer 04

Networking & Connectivity

Ethernet and InfiniBand switching, 400G/800G optical transceivers, DSPs, and the back-end fabric required to connect thousands of accelerators into a single training cluster.

Layer 05

Neoclouds & Physical Infrastructure

Specialty GPU cloud operators outside the three hyperscalers. Business model: take delivery of accelerators at scale and lease compute capacity to AI labs, enterprises, and sovereign training programs.

Layer 06

Energy & The Grid

Independent power producers, integrated utilities, gas turbine OEMs, and grid-scale storage. Hyperscaler capacity additions are constrained by interconnect availability and dispatchable generation.

Methodology & coverage.

Constituent lists are reviewed quarterly against revenue mix, segment disclosures, and capex commentary. Quotes are sourced from licensed market data; the Veridion Score is computed from six published factors. Inclusion is not a recommendation.